티스토리 뷰
00:04
Do you ever feel completely overwhelmed when you're faced with a complex problem? Well, I hope to change that in less than three minutes. So, I hope to convince you that complex doesn't always equal complicated.
Overwhelmed: Ex) I overwhelm him 나는 그를 압도시킨다.
나는 그 산의 거대한 크기에 압도당했다. Ex) I was overwhelmed (by) the huge size of the mountains. I was overwhelmed by the amount of homework I had to do. 나는 내가 해야하는 많은 숙제의 양에 압도되었다.
Abstract(추상적인) things: simplicity <-> Complex (복잡성) vs complicatedness (난해함, 조잡함, 복잡성)
So for me(나에게 있어서), a well-crafted baguette, fresh out of the oven, is complex, but a curry onion green olive poppy cheese bread is complicated. I'm an ecologist, and I study complexity. I love complexity. And I study that in the natural world, the interconnectedness of species.
Inter(=between)
국제적인: International
Weave: 뜨개질하다, 짜다
Inter/woven: 짜여진, 서로, 복잡하게 얽히고 섥힌
For me: 나한테는, In my opinion,
00:32
So here's a food web, or a map of feeding links between species that live in Alpine Lakes in the mountains of California. And this is what happens to that food web when it's stocked with non-native fish that never lived there before.
거미줄: Spider webs
Native: 원주민, 토착의, 출신의 / Non-native: 토종이 아닌, 거기 출신이 아닌
All the grayed-out species dis(= )appear. Some are actually on the brink of extinction. And lakes with fish have more mosquitos, even though they(=fish) eat them(=mosquitos). These effects were all unanticipated, and yet(=but) we're discovering they're predictable(예상가능하다).
We are not there yet: 우리는 아직 거기 아니다.
- grayed-out: 회색칠되어서 아웃되어버린
- Dis(=away): disappear: appear away: 사라진다.
- Dis(=away) patch: 보내다.
00:54
So I want to share with you a couple key insights(통찰력) about complexity we're learning from studying nature that maybe are applicable to other problems.
First is the simple power of good visualization tools to help untangle complexity and just encourage you to ask questions you didn't think of before. For example, you could plot the flow of carbon through corporate supply chains in a corporate ecosystem, or the interconnections of habitat patches for endangered species in Yosemite National Park.
시각화 도구의 간단한 힘
1) untangle complexity
2) encourage you to ask questions that you didn’t think of before
I think of you. 머리속에 떠오르는. 생각들이 나한테 오는거 ideas come to you.
I think about you. 내가 active하게 생각하는.
The next thing is that if you want to predict(예상하다) the effect of one species on another, if you focus only on that link, and then you black box the rest, it's actually less predictable than if you step back, consider the entire system -- all the species, all the links -- and from that place, hone in on the sphere of influence that matters most.
Hone in: 집중하다.
Hone: 연마하다, 갈고닦다. Ex) Hone my abilities
Sphere of influence: 영향력의 범위
나는 그의 영향력 아래에 있다.
Ex) I am under the sphere of his influence / I am under his umbrella.
And we're discovering, with our research, that's often very local to the node you care about within one or two degrees. So the more you step back, embrace complexity, the better chance you have of finding simple answers, and it's often different than the simple answer that you started with.
The more, the better : 더 많을수록 더 좋다.
01:51
So let's switch gears and look at a really complex problem / courtesy(예절, 의회들이 일처리하는 방식방법) of the U.S. government. This is a diagram of the U.S. counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan. It was front page of the New York Times a couple months ago. Instantly ridiculed by the media for being so crazy complicated.
Counterinsurgency:
Counter(= against) insurgency: 반란에 대응하는것
Counteratack: 대응공격:
Switch gears: 자동차 기어바꾸는거 -> 곧 화제 전환
And the stated goal was to increase popular support for the Afghan government. Clearly a complex problem, but is it complicated? Well, when I saw this in the front page of the Times, I thought, “Great(아주 좋아). Finally something I can relate to. I can sink my teeth into this."
Sink(get) my teeth into: 집중하고 열중하고.
나는 내 일에 열중한다. I sink my teeth into trying to solve the problem.
02:21
So let's do it. So here we go for the first time ever, a world premiere view of this spaghetti diagram as an ordered network. The circled node is the one we're trying to influence -- popular support for the government. And so now we can look one degrees, two degrees, three degrees away from that node and eliminate three-quarters of the diagram outside that sphere of influence.
Within that sphere, most of those nodes are not actionable, like the harshness of the terrain, and a very small minority are actual military actions. Most are non-violent and they fall into two broad categories: active engagement with ethnic rivalries and religious beliefs and fair, transparent economic development and provisioning of services. I don't know about this, but this is what I can decipher from this diagram in 24 seconds.
아프간 정부를 위한 대중적 지지를 올릴 수 있게 할 수 있는것들
1) active engagement with ethnic rivalries and religious beliefs
2) fair and transparent economic development and provisioning of services
03:02
When you see a diagram like this, I don't want you to be afraid. I want you to be excited. I want you to be relieved. Because simple answers may emerge. We're discovering in nature that simplicity often lies on the other side of complexity. So for any problem, the more you can zoom out and embrace complexity, the better chance you have of zooming in on the simple details that matter most.
E(=out) merge(뭉치다): 나오다, 드러나다.
Im(=in) merge: 뛰어들다, 가라앉다 (= immerse) ex) Immersion program:
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